How to Motivate Student in Learning English using correct Learning Media
By: Putu Saraswati
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Nowadays, the successes of the school can be seen by the result the study of the student. In fact, there is school which their students still have lower result of learning. One of its cause factors is incorrect election of learning media so that student is not motivated to learn in English. Learning process will moved smoothly if the students in the class are motivated in learning English. The incorrect election of learning media will make the students not motivated in learning English as their foreign language.
According to Oxford Dictionary, Media is the main means of communicating with large numbers of people (1995: 727). In this case, media has important meaning to make the teacher easier to transfer their knowledge about English as the foreign language to the student. Thus, the student also can understand and use English as their foreign language easily. By using the correct media, students can easily learn English especially for each aspect; listening, speaking, reading and writing. As Educator especially teacher, we have to select the media that we will use in teaching English. We have to know the criterion and the procedure of choosing media. Then we can select the correct and useful media correctly and easily.
The development of technology and science progressively push recondition efforts in exploiting of technological results in learning process. All teachers are expected to be able to use the media which is provided by school. Teachers at least are able to use efficient and cheap media which though modestly and simple but it is compulsion in the effort reaching the learning objective. Beside able use available media, teacher is also expected to be able to develop skill in making learning media to be used if the media not made available yet. Therefore, n this paper the writer would like to talk about how to chosen the correct learning media therefore can improve the student learning motivation in English.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Based on the background above, the problem statement is
1. What is the definition of learning media?
2. What are the criterions in selecting the learning media?
3. What are the procedures in selecting the learning media?
1.3 Purpose of the Problem
According to the problem above the purpose of the study is
1. To know the definition of learning media?
2. To know the criterions in selecting the learning media?
3. To know the procedures in selecting the learning media?
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
2.1 Definition of Learning Media
The word Media derive from Latin that is medius which literally mean “medium", or “deliverer". According to Gerlach and of Ely (1971), media if comprehended marginally human being, occurrences or items developing the condition of making student can get knowledge, attitude or skill. According to AECT (Association of Education and Communication Technology) (Arsyad, 1997:3) media is used to submit message/information. Fleming (1987: 234) expressing the function of media to arrange effective relation between two side that is lesson content and student. Hainich and kith (1982) tells media in the term as medium accompanying information among receiver and source. Therefore, media is everything able to be used to channel message of consignor to receiver. Its can stimulate mind, feeling, student enthusiasm and attention so can realizing the learning objective in the learning process.
A. Learning Media
Learning media is media bringing information or messages with aim to instructional or contains instruction intentions. According to Gagne and of Briggs (1975) study media cover appliance which physically used to submit instruction items content which consist of book, tape recorder, cassette, video camera, video tape recorder, film, slid (picture), photo, picture, graph, television and computer.
Learning media is one of learning system component. It has to totally appropriate with the learning process. The last part of choosing media is the use of it in learning process, so enable the student to interact with the media which we select. If we have determined the alternative media that we use in its process, then we need to find out whether the media is available at school or in the market. If it’s available, then we can borrow or just buy it. But if it’s really appropriate with our teaching objective and reached for its price. If the media that we require is not available yet, we have to make by ourselves the media according to the need.
One of the aspects determining the success in learning process is election of the correct learning media. According to Hamalik (1986), correct learning media can awaken motivation, desire of enthusiasm, and excitement student. So that can assist understanding, presenting the data attractively and trustworthy, facilitating interpretation data, and compacting information. The correct learning media can bring efficacy learn and teach in class, according to Levie and Lentz (1982), that because study media especially visual media have four function that is:
a. Atency function is can draw and instruct attention of student for have concentration to lesson content related to visual meaning which presented or accompany items text and lesson
b. Affective function is can inspire student attitude and emotion
c. Cognitive function is comprehend and remember information/message which implied in picture easily
d. Compensations function is can accommodate tardy and weak student’s to accept and comprehend presented lesson content with text or verbal.
The reasons why study media can heighten learning process of the student is:
a. First reason is reference to the benefit of the learning media itself, for example
1. The leaning process is more interesting for student, so grow learning motivation of the student.
2. The learning materials is clearer for its meaning, so the student can master the learning objective better.
3. The learning method will have more variety.
4. Student doing more learning activity likes perceiving, conducting, demonstrating and others
b. Second reason is as according to level thinking of student. Start from real to abstraction one, start from simple to complex one.
According to Seels & Richey (in Arsyad, 2010: 29), there are our types of learning Media.
1. Printing & Visual Media. It is media which is submitting the learning material through printing process. For example text, graphic, photo, etc. This media is a basic element to develop and use other learning media.
2. Audio-Visual Media. It is media which is submitting the learning material using mechanic and electronic machines to presenting audio-visual message. For example Film projector machines, tape recorder, and wide visual projector.
3. Computer Media. It is media which is submitting the learning material using sources based on micro-processor or computer (software or hardware).
4. Combination Media. It is media which is submitting the learning material using the combination or several media that controlled by computer.
2.2 Criterion in Selecting Learning Media
The selection of media should not be done promiscuously. It depends on certain criterion. Mistaken at the time of election in choosing type of media and topic election of media, will give bad effect which we do not wish later. According to wordpress.com, generally, the criterions which must be considered in election of learning media have to base on:
a. Teaching objective,
b. Educated target,
c. Characteristic of the media,
d. Time,
e. Expense,
f. Availability of media,
g. Condition and strategy of how the media used, and also
h. Quality technical from the media.
By considering the criteria we expected the selected media will be able to be used to motivate the student.
2.3 Procedure in Selecting Learning Media
In course of this election, Anderson (1976) said that procedure of choosing media use the flowchart approach (groove diagram). In this course, he mentions some steps in election and determination type of learning media.
1. Determining whether the message we submit through media include of learning message or just common information or entertainment amusement. If it just general information will be disregarded because the procedure which is developed special for the election of media that having the character for study.
2. Determining whether the media is designed for the learning process or just assistive appliance teach for the teacher (physic appliance). If it is simply physic appliance, process is also discontinued.
3. Determining whether target of the study more having the character of affective or psychomotor.
4. Determining appropriate type of media for the type of target to be reached, by considering other criterion like policy, available facility, ability produce and expense.
5. Reviewing back the type of media which have been selected, whether have correctly or still there are weakness, or still more other.
6. Planning, developing and producing media.
The important consideration in choosing media is the appropriate of media with study that will be reached by student. If there are some type of media which have equal goodness and appropriate, so our priority is selects the cheaper type and more practical media which have been made available around us. The media election is needed to do so we can determine the best, correct and appropriate media with the requirement and educated target condition. Therefore, election type of media must be done with correct procedure, because so many type of media with various excess and weakness of each.
CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION
Based on the discussion above, the writer can conclude the learning media is media bringing information or messages with aim to instructional or contains instruction intentions. The criterion which must be considered in election of learning media have to based on teaching objective, educated target, characteristic of the media, time, expense, availability of media, condition and strategy of how the media used, and also quality technical from the media. The election type of media must be done with correct procedure, because so many type of media with various excess and weakness of each.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
* Arsyad, Azhar Prof. Dr. M.A. 2010. Media Pembelajaran. Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada
* http://cepkamal.wordpress.com/2009/12/11/pemilihan-media-pembelajaran/
* http://ekookdamezs.blogspot.com/2011/02/makalah-media-pembelajaran.html
